Content Strand 3: Geometric Sense - Item Specification (8-2005)

GS02 (Locations and Transformations) Describe locations of points on a coordinate grid in any of the four quadrants; rotate a simple 2-dimensional figure 90° or 180° about the center or a vertex of a figure; use combinations of translations and/or reflections to draw simple congruent figures (1.3.3, 1.3.4)

Item Format:

· Multiple-Choice and Short-Answer items may be used to test this learning target.

Stimulus, Stem, and Prompt Rules:

· All four quadrants of the Cartesian plane may be used.
· Grids will be provided in items that require students to plot a particular figure or to construct particular transformations.
· Grids may use ordered number pairs or letter and number combinations.
· Grids will have the origin and scales labeled.
· Ordered pairs will use integers only.
· Figures may have orientations other than vertical and horizontal, both before and after transformations.

Mathematical Vocabulary and Terms:

· Terms that may be used: axis/axes, clockwise, coordinates, counterclockwise, degree, figure, intersect, ordered pair, origin, parallel, perpendicular, point, vertex/vertices, x-axis, y-axis
· Terms that may be used with definitions or examples: reflection (flip), rotation (turn), translation (slide)
· Terms that may not be used: Cartesian plane, plane, quadrant, transformation

Item Characteristics:

a) Items may ask students to identify or name ordered pairs describing the location of points or objects in any of the four quadrants on a two-dimensional coordinate grid.
b) Items may ask students to identify, plot, and/or label points or shapes on a coordinate grid given ordered pairs.
c) Items may ask students to identify or name ordered pairs describing the location of figures that have been translated and/or reflected on a 2-dimensional coordinate grid.
d) Items may ask students to identify whether an object has been transformed by a translation and/or a reflection or by a rotation with or without a coordinate grid.
e) Items may ask students to identify a picture or diagram of a rotation of 90° or 180° about the center or a vertex of a figure or a combination of two translations and/or reflections of a simple figure, with or without a coordinate grid.
f) Items may ask students to plot or draw a combination of two translations and/or reflections of a simple figure on a coordinate grid or to draw a 90° or 180° rotation about the center or a vertex of a figure in the first quadrant.
g) Items may ask students to describe the transformation of one object to another on a 2-dimensional coordinate grid, in terms of a combination of two translations and/or reflections.
h) Items may ask students to describe a translation, reflection, or rotation so that another person could draw it.
i) Items may ask students to explain a series of transformations in a diagram or picture.